Erich Grotewold
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 Analysis of anthocyanins in red wine and fruit juice using Maldi-MS,
JAgric Food Chem 47: 2009-2015. Wang, J. and Sporns, P., 2000a, MALDI-ToF MS analysis of isoflavones in soy products, J Agric Food
Chem 48: 5887-5892.
Wang, J. and Sporns, P., 2000b, MALDI-ToF MS analysis of food flavonol glycosides, J Agric Food Chem 48: 1657-1662.
Wang, S. P. and Huang, K. J., 2004, Determination of flavonoids by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, J Chromatogr A 1032: 273-279.
Waridel, P., Wolfender, J. L., Lachavanne, J. B. and Hostettmann, K. |
Walter Last
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 The color of black, purple, or red grapes, blackberries, blueberries, red wine, and red cabbage consists of anthocyanins, the individual molecules and active form of PACs. The pigment of red beet belongs to a subgroup of anthocyanins, the betacyanins. Both groups have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and improve the elasticity of blood vessels and skin. PACs, anthocyanins, and betacyanins also help to restore normal oxidative metabolism or cell respiration. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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 Several pharmacological activities, such as ophthalmic, wound healing, anti-ulcer, anti-atherosclerotic, and vasoprotective activities have been documented for Bilberry. anthocyanins have also been reported to inhibit platelet aggregation. The hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity of oral administration of dried hydroalcoholic extract of the leaf of Vaccinium myrtillus has been demonstrated in animal studies. Extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves have demonstrated antibacterial activity against several species, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. |
| Triacylated anthocyanins from Ajuga reptans flowers and cell cultures. Phytochemistry 55:199-203. 1996, May.
Bugleweed
Lycopus virginicus description
Medicinal Parts: The medicinal part is the fresh or dried herb collected during the flowering season.
Flower and Fruit: The flowers are small, almost radial in dense axillary whorls. The calyx is campanulate with a glabrous tube and 4 or 5 regular, usually erect, tips. The corolla is whitish with the tube only partly showing and a few uneven lobes. The epicalyx and calyx sepals are shorter than in the European variety. |
Bryan Hanson, PhD
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 The medicinal activity of the anthocyanidins and anthocyanins appears to be similar to the flavonoids. Cyanin is one of the blue pigments found in blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). Delphinidin, discussed in Chapter 3, is another example of an anthocyanidin (see Figure 3.11). Note that pro-anthocyanins are a type of tannin and are discussed under that heading.
Coumarins
Simple Coumarins
Coumarins are a widely distributed group of molecules with a variety of medicinal uses. Coumarin, a compound in its own right, shows the basic ring structure characteristic of the group. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 The FruitFlex product is highly concentrated, with each softgel capsule delivering over 100mg of anthocyanins, 20mg of flavones and 30mg of tannins (those are all names of some of the natural medicines found in cherries). You'd have to chew your way through a whole lot of cherries to get the same nutrition.
Plus, softgels are easy to take to work or carry on a plane. They're portable and convenient, and this particular supplement contains absolutely no chemical preservatives or fillers. The soft gel capsule is made primarily out of gelatin and beeswax. |
Bottom Line Health
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| These contain anthocyanins, which are among the most potent anti-inflammatory agents.
•Choose crucifers and alliums. Crucifers are strong-flavored vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and kale. Alliums include onions and garlic. Both classes of vegetables reduce chronic inflammation and lower the risk of cancer, particularly breast cancer. Eat at least one serving of each daily.
•Use only egg whites or unbroken egg yolks. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, and studies have shown that anthocyanins in general are highly protective of animal brain tissue. Other studies show that nasunin binds to iron, which is a very good thing, as too much iron in the system can cause all kinds of problems.
Eggplant isn't a nutritional superstar, but it's a really nice vegetable with 2.5 g of fiber in a cup that only costs you 35 calories. Plus it's filling. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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 She points out that cranberry juice is a rich source of phytonutrients such as anthocyanins, catechins, lutein (the new superstar of eye nutrition), and quercetin (one of the most powerful natural anti-inflammatories in the plant kingdom). These phytonutrients act as antioxidants and, according to Gittleman, provide nutritional support for the detoxification pathways in the body.
The rich phytonutrient content of both cranberries and cranberry juice has been borne out by research and may have an awful lot of benefits that go beyond relief from urinary tract infection. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Minerals are largely unaffected, however, so you'll still get the same magnesium, calcium and zinc in microwaved foods as you would in non-microwaved foods, but the all-important B vitamins, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other nutritional elements are easily destroyed by microwave ovens.
The microwave is the appliance of the living dead. People who use the microwave on a regular basis are walking down a path towards degenerative disease and a lifelong battle with obesity. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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 Research Study
600 mg anthocyanins per day for 2 months in 12 Type II Diabetics
Significant t increase in biosynthesis of connective tissue especially polymeric collagen and structural glycoproteins
Anthocyanins
1) T increased synthesis of connective tissue
2) Repair leaking capillaries, increasing the mucopolysaccharides of the connective ground substance, by fixing the altered mucopolysaccharide pericapillary tissue
Capillary damage
Breakdown of blood-retinal barrier and vascular permeability, the first observable alteration in diabetic retinopathy due to free radicals. |
| Capillary Effects of anthocyanins in Human Connective Tissue Metabolism
Breakdown of blood-retinal barrier and vascular permeability are first observable alterations in diabetic retinopathy. Progression of retinopathy is limited by anthocyanins, and studies indicate restoration of capillary damage. |
Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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 Cranberries, blueberries, cherries, and blackberries are jam-packed with antioxidants called anthocyanins and polyphenols, which also have anti-inflammatory qualities. Leafy greens such as kale and spinach contain lutein, another superantioxidant. Cocoa carries flavonoids, particularly potent antioxidants that can zap free radicals and protect against inflammation. (The best way to consume cocoa is to add plain cocoa powder—preferably non-Dutched cocoa; Dutched cocoa is treated with an alkali during processing—into chili or other Southwestern recipes, thus avoiding the sugar in chocolate bars. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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| There are more than 4,000 of these compounds, and they fall into many classes and subclasses including flavonoids, anthocyanins, and isoflavones. |
| Anthocyanins are pigments found in plants that act as a kind of "sunscreen," protecting the plants from sun damage and acting as powerful antioxidants.
They have a similar protective function in the human body. Tannins are bitter-tasting plant compounds found in tea, wine, and certain fruits, notably pomegranate. The most abundant tannins in pomegranate are called punicalagins,
Natural Prescription for Heart Disease
Pomegranate juice: Drink 6 oz unsweetened juice daily. and they're believed to be one of the major reasons why pomegranate juice packs such a powerful antioxidant wallop. |
| Besides anthocyanins, cherries have three other compounds in them that are of great interest to the field of natural healing: quercetin, ellagic acid, and perillyl alcohol.
Quercetin has been found to be a potent anticancer, as well as a powerful anti-inflammatory, agent (see page 101, allergies and asthma). And in animal research, ellagic acid inhibits the growth of certain tumors. |
Elaine Magee
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 The study suggests that while vitamin C makes up about 20 percent of the total antioxidant activity in raspberries and red anthocyanins account for 25 percent, the lion's share-more than 50 percent-comes from phytochemicals called ellagitannins. "These special tannins usually occur in leaves and bark, but in the raspberry they also end up in the edible parts-the fruit," says Dr. Beekwilder. "Besides being antioxidants, these compounds work against intestinal infections like salmonella."
Assorted nutrients. |
| A decade ago, we knew much less about phytochemicals, such as the powerful antioxidant lycopene (a red carotenoid found mainly in tomatoes), anthocyanins (potent antioxidants that give berries their deep blue color), and pterostilbene (which appears to turn on a switch in cells that breaks down fat and cholesterol) in blueberries and two grape varieties—Gamay and Pinot
Noir. And the bioflavonoids are actually thought to have more antioxidant power than vitamins C and E. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| Sorghum contains two major types of phenols, phenolic acids and flavonoids, including tannins and anthocyanins, many of which are potent antioxidants that have also been shown to inhibit cardiovascular disease. In lab tests, these new varieties of sorghum have been found to contain from 4.1 to 20.9 milligrams of phenols per gram.
The anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid found in sorghum but not in most other grains, are powerful antioxidants that research shows exhibit potent free-radical scavenging activity, especially in lung tissue. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 Because edible plants can't be faked, and they just happen to contain powerful medicines (like anthocyanins) that are 100% compatible with the human body. No prescription needed, either, and common edible plants won't cause a heart attack and kill you like many drugs. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
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| Recently, however, new varieties of colorful grain sorghums with high levels of beneficial phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and anthocyanins, have been developed for use in cereals, snack foods, baking, and brewing.
In addition to their array of phytochemical antioxidant compounds, the new varieties of grain sorghum have been bred for their drought resistance, excellent protein availability, and environmental friendliness. Jeff Dahlberg, Ph.D. |
Amarjit S. Basra
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 PLANT-DERIVED PHENOLS
Photosynthesis
Glucose
Shikimate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Shikimates
Pyruvate
AcCoA
Cynnamates anthocyanins Tannins etc.
Krebs cycle
Phenols
Quinines
Lipids
Fatty acids etc.
FIGURE 15.1. Schematic representation of the two major pathways involved in the production of phenolic compounds in plants.
It is noteworthy that fruits and vegetables require a variety of antioxidant compounds of different origin that may protect plants from environmental stress, including ultraviolet (UV) light radiation and relatively high temperatures. |
Mike Adams
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 In these letters, the FDA threatened these companies with legal action and told them they had to remove the scientific information on their websites that described the health benefits of the natural medicines found in cherries, such as the anthocyanins that reduce inflammation for arthritis sufferers. |
| In these letters, the FDA threatened these companies with legal action and told them they had to remove the scientific information on their websites that described the health benefits of the natural medicines found in cherries, such as the anthocyanins that reduce inflammation for arthritis sufferers.
Now, any normal, sane person would look at a cherry and say, "It's just a cherry." It's a natural fruit that people have been eating for as long as anyone can remember. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 They contain anthocyanins, antioxidants that may help prevent cancer and heart disease.
Q Drink beet juice (from roots and greens), carrot juice (a source of beta-carotene), fresh cabbage juice, and asparagus juice often. Grape, black cherry, and all dark-colored juices are good, as are black currants. Also beneficial is apple juice, if it is fresh. Fruit juices are best taken in the morning, vegetable juices in the afternoon.
Q Drink spring or steam-distilled water only, not tap water. |
Mike Adams
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| These phytonutrients are found in the skin of the blueberry, by the way, and they are called anthocyanins (another phytonutrient).
I even learned that your own body freely generates the best anti-cancer medicine in the world—vitamin D—a nutrient that's been proven to slash breast cancer risk by an astonishing 50 percent, but only if you get some exposure to natural sunlight or consume vitamin D through fish oils and nutritional supplements. |
Steven G. Pratt, M.D. and Kathy Matthews
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 Anthocyanins are key players in neutralizing free-radical damage to cells and tissues that can lead to a multitude of ailments. The anthocyanins also work synergistically with vitamin C and other key antioxidants. They strengthen the capillary system by promoting the production of quality collagen—the building block of tissues. This important subclass of flavonoids also promotes vasodilation and has an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, an aspirinlike effect on blood clot formation. |
Michael Friedman, ND
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| Progression of retinopathy is limited by anthocyanins, and studies indicate restoration of capillary damage. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
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 In these letters, the FDA threatened these companies with legal action and told them they had to remove the scientific information on their websites that described the health benefits of the natural medicines found in cherries, such as the anthocyanins that reduce inflammation for arthritis sufferers. |
Walter Last
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| The pigment of red beet belongs to a subgroup of anthocyanins, the betacyanins. Both groups have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and improve the elasticity of blood vessels and skin. PACs, anthocyanins, and betacyanins also help to restore normal oxidative metabolism or cell respiration.
They are important not only for normalizing cancer cells, but also for conditions of chronic fatigue and general lack of energy, as they assume the role of oxygen as electron acceptors. Purple foods ingested in sufficient amounts can improve the elasticity of skin and blood vessels. |
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