Michael T. Murray, N.D. See book keywords and concepts | Andersen OM: anthocyanins in fruits of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (bog whortleberry). / Food Sci 52, 665-666, 680,1987.
4. Kuhnau J: The flavonoids, a class of semi-essential food components: Their role in human nutrition. World Rev Nutr Diet 24,117-191,1976.
5. Gabor M: Pharmacologic effects of flavonoids on blood vessels. Angiologica 9, 355-374,1972.
6. Havsteen B: Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochem Pharmacol 32,1141-1148,1983.
7. | Alan Keith Tillotson, Ph.D., A.H.G., D.Ay. See book keywords and concepts | Flavonoids found in fruits and plants (especially anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, proantho-cyanins, and proanthocyanidins) help to recirculate and keep glutathione in circulation, as well as having many other anticancer effects.
LipoicAcid. This unique water/fat soluble antioxidant has shown evidence of inhibiting NF kappa-B from activating cancer-causing oncogenes. Use 100-200 mg per day in divided doses.
Chinese Herbal Medicines. | The anthocyanins and related flavonoids found in berries are strong enough to protect against vessel-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiac artery disease. Various flavonoids have been shown effective in double-blind studies against prostatitis, progressive pigmented purpurea, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and chronic venous insufficiency.
Green chlorophyll is the main coloring matter in all green plants, and it relates most closely to Qi, the life force. | Blueberries (or bilberries) contain anthocyanins, plant chemicals that help repair tiny blood vessels especially in the eyes. Consume about 1 quart of fresh or one bag of frozen blueberries per week. Blueberries, blackberries, and raspberries are also low in sugar.
• Take your vitamins. Diabetics can benefit greatly from vitamin supplements. I recommend taking a multivitamin twice each day, as well as the following:
• Vitamin C (2,000 mg), which makes collagen and keeps capillaries strong.
• The B vitamins, including niacin, zinc, and other minerals, which are important for sugar metabolism. | Ruth Winter, M.S. See book keywords and concepts | PROANTHOCYANIDINS • See anthocyanins.
PROCAINE • Novocain. A local anesthetic used for spinal anesthesia during childbirth or in operative vaginal procedures. Onset is two to five minutes, and duration is 60 minutes. Potential adverse reactions include skin reactions, swelling, continuous asthma attacks, severe allergic reactions, anxiety, nervousness, and respiratory arrest.
PROCOLLAGEN • The precursor of collagen (see). Used in hair conditioners. PROGESTERONE • A female sex hormone used in face cream for its supposed antiwrinkle properties. | Bill Gottlieb See book keywords and concepts | Dark-colored berries such as cherries, blackberries and blueberries contain anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, pigments that, according to Calbom, tone and strengthen the wads of hemorrhoidd veins, which can minimize pain and swelling.
To maximize the therapeutic benefits of these pigments, Calbom suggests drinking four ounces of dark berry juice diluted with four ounces of apple juice at least once a day.
For information on juicing techniques, see page 93. | Simon Mills and Kerry Bone See book keywords and concepts | Bilberry extract (equivalent to 115 mg anthocyanins per day) for 90 days improved darkness adaptation in all myopic patients and improved day vision in those suffering from light to medium myopia.60
Other conditions
In uncontrolled trials, bilberry extract was administered postoperatively in conjunction with antiinflammatory and analgesic drugs to patients who had undergone haemorrhoidectomy. Bilberry reduced postoperative symptoms (itching and oedema). | Mark Blumenthal See book keywords and concepts | H differential, 19.0-53.3 mg/100 g; relative percentages of anthocyanidins, 57% cyanidin, 43% peonidin; total sugars, 3.6-5.0 g/100 g; relative percentages of sugars, 79% glucose, 21% fructose (Hong and Wrolstad, 1986).
Pharmacological Actions Human
At normal consumption levels (10 fluid ounces or 300 ml per day), cranberry inhibits bacterial adherence to the lining of the bladder and urethra (Avorn et al, 1994; Yarnell, 1997). | Andrew Chevallier See book keywords and concepts | Constituents Jequirity seeds contain abrin, indole alkaloids, and anthocyanins. The root and leaves contain glycyrrhizin and traces of abrin. Abrin is extremely toxic. Glycyrrhizin is expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergenic.
History & Folklore Jequirity seeds have been used since ancient times in India to help weigh precious materials, including the famous Koh-i-noor diamond. The seeds are notorious as a poison. | Gale Maleskey See book keywords and concepts | Bilberry contains chemicals called anthocyanins, a type of flavonoids that have muscle-relaxant properties. Bilberry also helps to improve circulation in the extremities. To reduce muscle cramping, take 80 milligrams three times a day of an extract standardized to contain 25 percent antho-cyanidin. You should take it for at least a couple of months, but you can continue indefinitely if necessary, says Dr. Stengler.
"Ginkgo is also useful, since it improves circulation through the extremities by dilating the arteries that feed the leg tissue," he says. While cramps are a problem, Dr. | Andrew Chevallier See book keywords and concepts | The fruit contains anthocyanins, pectin, fruit acids, and vitamin C.
History & Folklore In the 1st century AD, the physician Dioscorides recommended ripe blackberries in a gargle for sore throat. In European folk medicine, blackberry leaves have long been used for washing and staunching wounds. Arching blackberry runners that had rooted at both ends were credited with magical properties — in parts of England, children with hernias were pushed under arched runners for a magical cure. | Christian Ratsch See book keywords and concepts | The red pigmentation of the fruits is the result of anthocyanins and the aglycone cyanidin. The hull (pulp) of the fruit contains large amounts of tanning agents (Baumann and Seitz 1992, 928).
Whether the leaves contain caffeine, other purines, or chlorogenic acids is unknown (Roth et al. 1994, 248*).
Effects
Coffee has strong stimulating effects and induces wakefulness, accelerates the pulse rate, and promotes perspiration. | Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC See book keywords and concepts | For example, flavanones are in citrus, isoflavones in soy products, anthocyanins in wine and bilberry, flavans in apples and tea, etc.
Who Is Likely to Be Deficient?
Bioflavonoid deficiencies have not been reported.
How Much Is Usually Taken?
Bioflavonoid supplements are not required to prevent deficiencies in individuals eating a healthy diet. When doctors of natural medicine recommend supplementation (typically to people with one of the conditions listed above), the most common amounts suggested are 1,000 mg of citrus bioflavonoids or 400 mg of quercetin, each taken 3 times per day. | One system breaks bioflavonoids into isoflavones, anthocyanins, flavans, flavonols, flavones, and flavanones.1 Some of the best-known bioflavonoids, such as genistein in soy (p. 332) and quercetin (p. 328) in onions, can be considered subcategories of the categories. Although they are all structurally related, their functions are different.
While they are not considered essential, some bioflavonoids do support health as anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, and antiviral agents. | David Heber, M.D., Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | These foods contain anthocyanins, which are powerful antioxidants that
The Color Wheel of Foods may have a beneficial effect on heart disease by inhibiting blood clot formation.
The orange group includes carrots, mangos, apricots, cantaloupes, pumpkin, acorn squash, winter squash, and sweet potatoes. These provide alpha- and beta-carotenes. In this group, carrots provide about half the alpha- and beta-carotene in the U.S. diet, with significant contributions from tomato products.
The orange/yellow group includes orange juice, oranges and tangerines, peaches, papayas, and nectarines. | Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD and Michael Smith, BPharm, MRPharmS, ND See book keywords and concepts | Note: The biological action of garlic is generally thought to be due to its organosulfur compounds, specifically those containing the allyl CH2=CH-CH2- group.1 It has been estimated that one gram of fresh garlic will release 3.7 mg of allicin when crushed or chopped. | James F. Balch, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Anthocyanins" are any one of a group of reddish-purple pigments occurring in flowers.
Oligomeric—"Olig" means "few" and "mero" is a Greek combining form meaning "a part."
Translation? Simply put, "Pycnogenol" = "OPCs" = groups of flavonoids
What is Pycnogenol?
The name Pycnogenol is a registered trademark of Horphag Industries in France and refers to a product they make from the bark of maritime pine trees (pinus maritimd). This is a special pine tree found in the Quebec province of Canada and in southern France, located near the city of Bordeaux. | Andrew Chevallier See book keywords and concepts | Blackberry
(Rubus fruticosus)
Radish
(Raphanus sativus)
Glucosilinates
Found exclusively in species of the mustard family, glucosilinates have an irritant effect on the skin, causing inflammation and blistering. Applied as poultices to painful or aching joints, they increase blood flow to the affected area, helping to remove the build-up of waste products (a contributory factor in joint problems). Glucosilinates also help to reduce thyroid function. Both radish (Raphanus sativus, p. 258) and mustard (Sinapis alba) contain significant quantities of glucosilinates. |
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