Simon Mills and Kerry Bone
See book keywords and concepts |  KEY CONSTITUENTS
The main phytochemical content of the plant is summarized and levels of particular constituents are provided where available. Chemical diagrams of some key constituents are included.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
This section reviews pharmacodynamic studies of various extracts of the herb (using different solvents) and of isolated key constituents. This information is grouped under relevant headings. In general, in vitro studies are provided first, followed by animal studies. |
Dr. Mary Dan Eades
See book keywords and concepts |  Phenols
Another widely studied phytochemical class is phenols. Phenols protect us from oxidative damage. The blue, blue-red, and violet pigments found in berries, grapes, and eggplant come from to their phenolic content. Phenols have the ability to block the enzymes that cause inflammation. They also protect platelets from clumping.
Flavonoids
This phenol subclass enhances the effects of vitamin C. Although there are over 1500 flavonoids, some of the more "popular" ones include flavones, flavonols (quercetin, ginkgo, rutin), and flavanones. |
Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Larrea tridentata, Cav. [PhD dissertation.] Auburn University, 1984.
7. Vanden Berghe D, et al. Advances in medicinal plant research. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1985.
8. Train P. Medicinal use of plants by Indian tribes of Nevada Lawrence, MA: Quarterman Publishers, Inc., 1982.
9. Shasky DR. Contact dermatitis from Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) Detter]. J Am Acad Dermatol.l986;15:302.
10. Gardner KJ, et al. Endotoxin provocation of experimental renal cystic disease. Kidney Int.l987;32:329-34.
11. |
Thomas Bartram
See book keywords and concepts |  The conventional phytochemical literature, often exhaustively searched and assessed, is augmented by evidence from the areas of clinical pharmacology and ethnopharmacology, and the personal and recorded experience of practicing phytotherapists and herbalists. The material is entered into a knowledge base which is programmed to provide intelligent integration and weighting of the data. Director: Simon Y. Mills MA FNIMH, Centre of Complementary Health Studies, University of Exeter, Devon EX4 4PU.
EYEBRIGHT. Bright-eye. Birds-eye. Euphrasia officinalis. German: Augentrost. French: Casse-lunettes. |
James A. Duke, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Father Nature's Pharmacy Database
Back in 1978, while working for the USDA, I started what has become known as the USDA phytochemical Database. I prefer to call it Father Nature's Pharmacy Database. Currently, it contains information on the medicinal compounds that have been identified in some 3,000 medicinal plants. Of course, that's just a fraction of the 250,000 plant species known worldwide. As scientists expand their study of the therapeutic properties of herbs and foods, the database will continue to grow. | | For nearly a decade, some supplement manufacturers pushed choline as an important, if not essential, dietary phytochemical. In April 1998, our government finally realized that it should establish a daily intake for this nutrient. By then, research had suggested quite persuasively that women who take choline during pregnancy and while nursing may help their children's mental skills develop properly—and might give their kids lifelong protection against loss of mental function. |
Marcia Zimmerman, C.N.
See book keywords and concepts |  We can put science into practice by eating foods in season, when the phytochemical content is highest and can offer the best protection. Foods available in winter, for example, are rich in carotenoids and complex carbohydrates. These include winter squash, sweet potatoes, yams, carrots, Swiss chard, spinach, and other dark greens. They provide antioxidant protection against infections that more commonly occur in winter. Complex carbohydrates provide energy as heat, which we need just to keep warm at this time of year.
Tomatoes, on the other hand, are an example of the perfect summer vegetable. |
David Heber, M.D., Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Sulforaphane, a phytochemical in Brussels sprouts and broccoli that induces higher enzyme activity, also works as an antioxidant while stimulating the formation of another antioxidant, glutathione.
Cancer researchers often ask me why we shouldn't simply isolate the active agent from a food in order to make a new drug. My answer to them is that the interactions of nutrients with each other are critical to their effects on the precancerous or cancerous cell. |
Elizabeth Somer, M.A., R.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  They also are phytochemical powerhouses, loaded with saponins that lower blood cholesterol levels, phyto-sterols that lower colon-cancer risk, and protease inhibitors that slow tumor growth.
Soybeans contain phytoestrogens that boost immunity, help keep blood vessels flexible, and block estrogen from entering cells, thus reducing the risk for hormone-related cancers such as ovarian, prostate, and breast cancers. These weak estrogen-like compounds also buffer estrogen swells, which possibly curb hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. |
Nicola Reavley
See book keywords and concepts |  Phytate: a compound found in plant fibers that binds to minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc and prevents their absorption. Phytochemical: a plant compound that has health-promoting properties. Phytoestrogen: a plant compound with estrogen-like activity.
Pica: the eating of non-food items such as ice or clay.
Placebo: an inactive substance used in medical experiments to provide a basis of comparison with the effects of an experimental drug.
Plaque: a deposit of a substance on body tissues, such as a patch of atherosclerosis or a deposit in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease sufferer. |
James F. Balch, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  The terms "phytochemical" and "phytonutrient" may be new to you. Phyto is Greek for "plant," and familiarity with this term is important to your understanding of the foods I suggest that contain phytonutrients or chemicals! These are the plant elements that have antioxidant properties such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and enzymes.
Cancer
In the United States, a person dies from cancer every minute of every day. There are at least another 3 million to 4 million Americans who have cancer, and out of those, one out of three will eventually die from this disease. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
See book keywords and concepts |  Handbook of phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992.
4. Stamford IF, Tavares IA. The effect of an aqueous extract of comfrey on prostaglandin synthesis by rat isolated stomach. / Pharm Pharmacol 1983; 35:816-17.
5. Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Gothenburg, Sweden: Ab Arcanum and Beaconsfield, UK: Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd., 1988, 334-35.
6. Mills SY. Out of the Earth: The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine. New York: Viking Arkana, 1991, 544-47.
7. Mills SY. Out of the Earth: The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine. |
Christian Ratsch
See book keywords and concepts |  Graminae): phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 12:480-83.
Machen, Arthur. 1994. Der Grofie Pan. Munich: Piper.
Valencic, Ivan. 1994. Ali vsebuje navadna trstenika {Arundo donax) psihedelik DMT? Proteus 56:258-61.
Wassel, G. M., and N. M. Ammar. 1984. Isolation of the alkaloids and evaluation of the diuretic activity of Arundo donax. Fitoterapia 15 (6): 357-58.
"Pan, the Mighty, I call to you the god of the shepherds, the totality of the universe— Heaven, Ocean, Earth, the queen of all, and the immortal fire, for all are the limbs of Pan. | | De Plantis Toxicariis e Mundo Novo Tropicale: Commentationes III: phytochemical examination of Spruce's original collection of Banisteriopsis caapi. Botanical Museum Leaflets 22 (4): 121-32.
Banisteriopsis Species
Family
Malpighiaceae (Barbados Cherry Family); Banis-teriae Tribe
Today, some ninety-two species of the genus Banisteriopsis are recognized. Most species occur in the tropical lowlands of Central and South America. A few species are also found in Asia.
Banisteriopsis argentea (Spreng. ex A. Juss. | | Socio-economic poisons: Khat, the natural amphetamine. In phytochemical resources for medicine and agriculture, ed. H. N. Nigg and D. Seigler, 97-116. New York: Plenum Press.
Brenneisen, Rudolf, and S. Geisshiisler. 1985.
Psychotropic drugs. Ill: Analytical and chemical aspects of Catha edulis Forssk. Pharm. Acta Helvetica 60 (11): 290-301.
Brenneisen, Rudolf, S. Geisshiisler, and X. Schorno. 1984. Merucathine, a new phenylalkylamine from Catha edulis. Planta Medica 50:531.
Brenneisen, Rudolf, and Karoline Mathys. 1992.
Catha. In Hagers Handhuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5th ed. | | Linnaeus developed the genus name to honor the naturalist and "father of botany" Jakob Theodor, called Tabernaemontanus (1522-1590). phytochemical studies of the genus have only recently taken place. Indole alkaloids dominate; several species have been found to contain ibogaine and voacangine (cf. Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga spp.). As a result, this genus is of special interest in the search for new psychoactive plants. Several species with psychoactive effects and uses have already become known.
Appearance
Most species in the genus are bushy shrubs, shrubby herbs, climbers, or small trees. |
Susun S. Weed
See book keywords and concepts |  Genistein, a phytochemical found in chickweed, lentils, and tofu, slows blood vessel growth and prevents tumors from forming new blood vessels: It is an anti-angiogenic factor. In addition to preventing metastases, anti-angiogenic factors are powerful, life-prolonging allies for women with metastatic cancer.
• A well-studied (but controversial) anti-angiogenic supplement is shark cartilage. | | FIGS (Ficus carica)
Figs, mentioned in the Bible as a cancer cure, contain the anticancer phytochemical benzaldehyde. In Japanese hospitals, poultices and injections of fig distillate are used against human cancers.
FLAX SEED [Linum usitatissimum)
Flax seeds and flax seed meal are delicious additions to breads, pancakes, and muffiins. They are exceptional sources of anti-cancer lignans and acids such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and coumaric acid. They appear to be anti-estrogenic and quite specific against breast cancer.14 See oil. |
Rebecca Wood
See book keywords and concepts |  Health Benefits Energetically speaking, the artichoke's most stellar phytochemical is cynarin, which improves the liver and gallbladder and lowers blood cholesterol levels. Artichokes increase bile secretion and thus may aid digestive disorders marked by poor assimilation of fat. Artichokes are easy to digest, increase overall energy, and have a neutralizing effect on some toxic substances. In addition, artichokes benefit heart activity and the speed of blood clotting. |
David Heber, M.D., Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Isothiocyanate, a phytochemical found in broccoli, does just this by inhibiting the action of cytochrome P450 on pro-carcinogens. A large family of chemical compounds called "glucosinolates," found in 450 different plant species, can be converted into isothiocyanates in the body. The estimated daily intake of glucosinolates is about 30 milligrams in the United States and Canada and about 112 milligrams in Japan. |
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