Phytomedicine

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A double-blind randomized trial to investigate three different concentrations of a standardized fresh plant extract obtained from the shoot tips of Hypericum perforatum L. phytomedicine 1999; 6(3): 141-6. Leung A and Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1996;310-2. Linde K, Mulrow C. St. John's wort for depression {Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 1, 2001. Oxford; Update Software. Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow C, Pauls A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D . St.

Nature's Medicines : From Asthma to Weight Gain, from Colds to High Cholesterol -- The Most Powerful All-Natural Cures Gale Maleskey See book keywords and concepts

For one thing, testing a phytomedicine is difficult and expensive. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) relies on drug companies to finance research and development. If a drug wins approval from the FDA, the economic rewards can be enormous. Along with a patent for the medicine, the company gets exclusive rights to sell the drug to the public before it becomes public domain, explains Dr. Dentali. Phytomedicines can't be patented. Hawthorn, echinacea, and thousands of other herbs belong to everyone, and the supplements derived from them are universally available.

The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs Mark Blumenthal See book keywords and concepts

Drug Interactions Potential drug interactions with SJW have become the primary area of concern with this popular phytomedicine. However, one source suggests that some of these concerns may not be borne out by clinical experience. In a review of drug interactions reportedly associate with SJW, the author calculates one interaction per 300,000 treatments with the leading German SJW product (Jarsin®, Schulz, 2001). SJW should not be taken in combination with any pharmaceutical antidepressants (Gordon, 1998; Prost et al, 2000), unless under professional guidance.

Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination phytomedicine in the treatment of the common cold (acute viral respiratory tract infection): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre study. Curr Med Res Opin 1999;15(3):2l4-27. Herzog U, Fitzek J, Franek H. Phytodolor® N versus Diclofenac Wirksamkeit und VertSglichkeit. Steigerwald, Gmbh. Interner Forschungsbericht 1991. Hiller K. Neuropharmacological studies on ethanol extracts of Valeriana officinalis L: behavioral and anticonvulsant properties. Phytother Res 1996;10:145-51.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

BMJ Books, London Lacaille-Dubois M et al 2001 phytomedicine 8:47 Morazzoni P et al 1996 Fitoterapia 62:3 Parrado F et al 1999 Clinical Drug Investigation 18(4):255 Pittler M et al 1998 Archives of Dermatology 134:1356 Redman D 2000 Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 6(6):539 Sirtori C et al 2001 Pharmacological Research 44(3): 183 Upton R (ed) 1999 Hawthorn leaf and flower and hawthorn berry. American herbal pharmacopeia. AHP.

The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs Mark Blumenthal See book keywords and concepts

C-Med 100®, a hot water extract of Uncaria tomentosa, ^ prolongs leukocyte survival in vivo. phytomedicine 2003;30 [in press]. ^3 Anonymous. Cat's Claw. The Lawrence Review of Natural Products Apr 1996; 1-3. Aquino R, DeFeo V, DeSimone F, Pizza C, Cirino G. Plant metabolites. New compounds and anti-inflammatory activity of Uncaria tomentosa. J Nat Prod 1991;54(2):453-459. Aquino R, DeSimone F, Vincieri FF, Pizza C, Gaes-Baitz E. New polyhydroxylated triterpenes from Uncaria tomentosa. J Nat Prod 1990 May-Jun:53(3):559-64. Aquino R, DeSimone C, Pizza. Plant metabolites.

The Natural Medicine Guide to the 50 Most Common Medicinal Herbs Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD and Michael Smith, BPharm, MRPharmS, ND See book keywords and concepts

ADVERSE EFFECTS No examples of unpleasant side effects could be found for this phytomedicine. CAUTIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS While no specific examples could be found, lemon balm should be used cautiously in patients with thyroid conditions. Safety in pregnancy has not been established. Lemon balm appears to have no mutagenic properties.26 DRUG INTERACTIONS While no clinical examples could be found, products containing lemon balm may interact with conventional thyroid medications.

Medical Herbalism: The Science Principles and Practices Of Herbal Medicine David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG See book keywords and concepts

Screening plant extracts and plant constituents for calcium-channel blocking activity. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 1997; 4(l):67-69. 109. Vuorela, et al. Calcium channel blocking activity: Screening methods for plant derived compounds. Phytomed 1997; 4:167-81. 110. Elbl G, Wagner H. A new method for the in vitro screening of inhibitors of angiotensin converting emzyme (ACE), using the chromophore- and fluorophore-labelled substrate, dansyltriglycine. Planta Medica 1991; 57:137-41. 111. Wagner H.

Cardiovascular activity of naturally occurring lignans. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 1997; 4(2): 151-66. 82. Adlercreutz H, et al. Lignan and isoflavonoid conjugates in human urine. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1995; 52(1):97-103. 83. Masquelier J, et al. Flavonoids and pycnogenols. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 1979;49:307-11. 84. Haslam E, Lilley TH. Interactions of natural phenols with macromolecules. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1986; 213:53-65. 85.

A review of the biological and pharmacological activitities of saponins. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopbarmacology 1996; 2(4):363-86. 81. Watanabe, et al. Solubilizing of saponins of Bupleuri radix with ginseng saponins: cooperative effect of dammarane saponins. Planta Medica 1988; 54:405-9. 82. Sjolander A, Cox JC, Barr IG. ISCOMs: an adjuvant with multiple functions. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1998 Dec; 64(6):713-23. 83. Harborne JB, Baxter H. Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants.

Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopbarmacology 1995; 2:137-89. 141. Hikino H, et al. Mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of ganoderan B: a glycan of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Medica 1989; 55:423-28. 142. Ahmad N, Hassan MR, Haider H, et al. Effect of Momordica charantia (Karolla) extracts on fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels in NIDDM patients. Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 1999; 25(l):ll-3. 143. Ng T, et al. Insulin-like molecules in Momordica charantia seeds.

Clinical efficacy of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II. phytomedicine 2001 Jul; 8(4):262-6. 9. RigelskyJM, Sweet BV Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2002 Mar 1; 59(5):417-22. 10. Weikl A Assmus KD, Neukum-Schmidt A, et al. Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442. Assessment of objective effectiveness in patients with heart failure (NYHA II). Fortschritte der Medizin 1996 Aug 30; 114(24):291-6. 11. Tauchert M.

Treatment of mild/moderate depressions with Hypericum. phytomedicine 1994; 1:3-8. 4. Pizzorno JE, Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999. 5. Price S, et al. Aromatherapy for Health Professionals. Edinburgh; New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1999. 6. [Information from the] National Library of Medicine Web site: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000362.htm 7. Bennett JC, Plum F. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996. 8. Johnson ES, Kadam NP, Hylands DM, et al. Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine.

The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs Mark Blumenthal See book keywords and concepts

The German phytomedicine authority R.F. Weiss, claims that the natural ephedrine found in ephedra is "better tolerated, causing fewer heart symptoms such as palpitation" than synthetic ephedrine (Weiss, 1988), although a revision of his book by another author suggests that patients use synthetic beta-sympathomimetics for bronchodilation due to the potential toxicity of ephedra (Weiss and Fintelmann, 2000).

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

The plant is not only used pharmaceutically (as a phytomedicine as well as a homoeopathic remedy), but a threat to the species comes also from its use as an ornamental and dye. Exploitation of Adonis vernalis affects many south-eastern European countries, including Hungary, Romania and the Ukraine. Importantly, In all cases, the basis for drug production is the botanical drug (see Chapter 2), which can be defined as: • Dried parts of entire plants, plants organs, or parts of plant organs for use as medicines, aromatics and spices, or as excipients used in the production of pharmaceuticals.

The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine Andrew Pengelly See book keywords and concepts

Cardiovascular activity of naturally occurring lignans', phytomedicine 4: 151-166. Greinwald, R. and Stobernack, H. 1990, 'Ammi visnaga (Khella)', British Journal of Phytotherapy 1: 7-10. Harborne, J. and Baxter, H. 1993, Phytochemical Dictionary, Taylor &C Francis, London. Hikino, H. 1985, 'Chinese medicinal plants used against hepatitis', in H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W.-W. Tso, A. Koo (eds), Advances in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research, World Scientific Pubs, Singapore. Huang, K. C. 1993, The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, CRC Press, Boca Raton. Johri, J. K, Banerji, R.

Double-blind, placebo cross-over pilot and Phase III study of standardised Andrographis paniculata Herba Nees extract fixed combination in the treatment of uncomplicated upper-respiratory tract infection', phytomedicine 7: 341-350. Mills, S. 1997, 'Acupharmacology. Pt. 2', Modern Phytotherapist 3(3): 12-15. Nicholas, H. J. 1973, 'Terpenes', in L. Miller (ed.), Phytochemistry 2, Van Nostrand, New York. Ortego, A., Garcia, P. E., Cardenas, J., Mancera, C, Marquina, S., Garduno, M. L. C. and Maldonado, E.

Earlier and more recent aspects and concepts on their mode of action', phytomedicine 6: 287-300. Pieretti, S., Di Giannuario, A., Capasso, A. and Nicoletti, M. 1992, 'Pharmacological effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides from Orobanche bederae', Phytotherapy Research 6: 83-93. Pintao, A., Pais, M., Coley, H. and Judson, I. 1995, 'In vitro and in vivo antitumour activity of benzyl isothiocyanate: a natural product from Tropaeolum majus', Planta Medica 61: 233-236. Recio, M., Giner, R., Manez, S. and Rios, J.

Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany C. P. Khare See book keywords and concepts

I am trying to move forward with the hope that this exercise will strike the right balance between the so-called holistic and scriptural Indian medicine and scientific phytomedicine, and will facilitate the entry of Indian herbs into the arena of modern herbal. New Delhi. C. P. Khare Pinaceae Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach. -1 Abies webbiana Lindl. ABIES p,nus webbiana Wall. Figure 1 Abies smithiana (Pinaceae) [WOI] Habitat Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam at altitudes of 1600-4500 m. Classical & common names Ayurvedic: Taalisa, Taalisapatra, Dhaatriparni, Shukodara.

Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific Basis Josef A. Brinckmann and Michael P. Lindenmaier See book keywords and concepts

Degenring, phytomedicine 6, 1-6 (1999). [18] R. Bauer, Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 149, 185-189 (1999). [19] B. Barret, M. Vohmann, and C. Calabrese, J. Farm. Pract. 48, 628-635 (1999). [20] R. Bauer and P. Remiger, Planta Med. 55, 367-371 (1989). [21] R. Bauer, LA. Khan, and H. Wagner, Planta Med. 54, 426-430 (1988). [22] P. Pietta, P. Mauri, and R. Bauer, Planta Med. 64, 649-652 (1998). [23] H.T. Wolf et al, Planta Med. 65, 773-774 (1999). [24] Health Canada Therapeutic Products Directorate. Labelling Standard: Echinacea Root. Ottawa (1997).

Thorsell et al., phytomedicine 5, 311-323 (1998). M.H. Pourgholami et al., J. Ethnopharmacol. 64, 167-171 (1999). R. Deininger, Z. Phytother. 12, 205-212 (1991). Government of India. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (Part I, Vol I, 1st ed). Delhi, 80-81 (1989). Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Vol. II. Jammu Tawi: Regional Research Laboratory (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), 146-153 (1999). Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China Vol. I. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 39 (1997). The Japanese Standards for Herbal Medicines. Tokyo: Yakuji Nippo Ltd., 79-80 (1993).

Woerdenbag et al., phytomedicine 2, 127-132 (1995). [32] G. Willuhn, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 126, 2038- 2044 (1986). [33] G. Willuhn and W. Leven, Pharm. Ztg. Wiss. No. 1, 136, 32-39 (1991). [34] G. Willuhn, J. Kresken, and I. Merfort, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 123, 2431-2434 (1983). [35] J. Saukel, Sci. Pharm. 52, 35^16 (1984). [36] P. Pachaly, DC-Atlas, Dunnschichtchromatographie in der Apotheke. Wiss. Verlagsges. Stuttgart (2002). Willuhn Artemisiae herba Mugwort BHP M t f i I I f % 1 1 cm Fig. 1: Mugwort Description: The drug consists of the 60— 70 cm long flowering tops.

Bauer (Eds), phytomedicine of Europe, Chemistry and Biological Activity. ACS Symposium Series 691, Amer. Chem. Soc, p. 299-308, Washington DC, 1998. [22] B. Meier et al., Z. Phytother. 21, 373-381 (2000). [23] H. Jarry et al. Z, Phytother. 20, 150-152 (1999). [24] D. Berger et al. Z. Phytother. 20, 153-154 (1999). [25] C. Gorkow, Z. Phytother. 20, 159-168 (1999). [26] C. Gorkow, W. Wuttke, and R.W. Marz, in D. Loew. H. Blume and Th. Dingermann (ed.), Phytopharmaka V, Forschung und klinische Anwendung, p. 189-208, Steinkopff-Verlag, Darmstadt 1999. [27] P.G. Merz et al., in D. Loew and N.

Lauritzen et al, phytomedicine 4, 183- 189 (1997). [35] Z. Males, Pharm. Pharmacol. Lett. 7, 50-52 (1997). [36] E. Hoberg, B. Meier, and O. Sticher, Pharm. Biol. 39, 57-61 (2001). [37] E. Hoberg, B. Meier, and O. Sticher, Phyto-chem. Anal. 11, 327-329 (2000). [38] R. Upton et al. (eds.). Chaste Tree Fruit. In: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium (2001). Willuhn Agrimoniae herba Ph. Eur. Agrimony 1 cm Fig. 1: Agrimony Description: The pinnate leaflets are 2-3 cm long and deeply serrate; green leaf fragments are grayish tomentose on the lower surface (Fig.

Hendriks, phytomedicine 3, 225-230 (1996). [12] A.M.G. Brown et al, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49, 558-561 (1996). [13] R. Jaspersen-Schib, Schweiz. Apoth. Ztg. 129, 119-122 (1991). [14] O. Isaac in: Hager 5th ed, Folgeband 3, 618-628 (1998). [15] D.M. Dolman et al, Phytochem. Anal. 3, 26-31 (1992). [16] Feverfew Leaf Labelling Standard, Health Canada Therapeutic Products Directorate, August 6, 1997.

The Inflammation Syndrome: The Complete Nutritional Program to Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease, Arthritis, Diabetes, Allergies, and Asthma Jack Challem See book keywords and concepts

In the June 2000 issue of phytomedicine, French researchers reported using devil's claw to successfully treat ninety-two people with osteoarthritis. The subjects were given either 435 mg of powdered devil's claw or conventional drug treatment daily. By the end of the four-month studies, people taking devil's claw had significantly less pain and greater mobility. They were also relying on fewer anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers. Similar results were noted in a broader study, which included 122 patients with either hip or knee osteoarthritis or both.

The Natural Medicine Guide to the 50 Most Common Medicinal Herbs Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD and Michael Smith, BPharm, MRPharmS, ND See book keywords and concepts

CAUTIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS No safety details exist regarding the use of this phytomedicine in pregnancy. Significant contraction of pregnant mouse uterine muscle has been reported in vitro}5 DRUG INTERACTIONS No specific cases of drug interactions could be found. Given the information from in vitro and in vivo studies, caution is advisable in cases of concomitant administration with conventional anti-hypertensive, diabetes and diuretic medications.2 DOSAGE REGIMENS Aerial Parts2 26 þ dried herb (normally as an infusion): 3-6 g three times daily.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

As a basis for vegetative propagation of plants to be used as a phytomedicine or for isolating a pure natural product, especially if a consistent quality of the strains or a fungi- or virus-free culture is required. For example, high-yielding strains of Catharanthus and Dioscorea may be required, or the development and maintenance of pyrrolizidine-free strains of common comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) and coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.), or virus-free Digitalis lanata Ehrh. cultures. • For the semi-synthetic production of some natural products (e.g. production of digoxin from digitoxin).

The Natural Medicine Guide to the 50 Most Common Medicinal Herbs Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD and Michael Smith, BPharm, MRPharmS, ND See book keywords and concepts

It is considered useful in the management of many gastrointestinal disorders such as: colic, indigestion, gastritis, diarrhea and peptic ulcer disease. This phytomedicine seems particularly suitable when there is an etiology of stress or tension.9 A commercial product, Kamillosan®, was shown to exert a spasmolytic effect on the smooth musculature of the intestine in isolated guinea pig ileum.

Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel See book keywords and concepts

Schulz V, Hiibner WD, Ploch M (1997) Clinical trials with phyto-psychopharmacological agents. phytomedicine 4: 379-387. Small GW, Rabins PV, Barry PP et al.: Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer's Association, and the American Geriatrics Society. IAMA 1997; 278:1363-71. Solomon PR, Adams F, Silver A, Zimmer J, DeVeaux R (2002) Ginkgo for memory enhancement: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288: 835-840.

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