John Boik See book keywords and concepts | These include vitamins, fla-vonoids, and other compounds found in fresh fruits and vegetables. Epidemiological studies con sis tenth report that populations who consume inadequate amounts of these foods are at a higher risk for heart disease, cancer, and other degenerative diseases.
Recent studies on breast cancer patients suggest that oxidative stress is associated with malignant disease (Hictanen et al., 1994). The nature of this association is not yet clear, hut perhaps malignant disease, in and of itself, may actually increase oxidative stress.
TABLE 2.1. | Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens See book keywords and concepts | The consumption of vitamins and minerals in a moderate, varied, and balanced diet—not as dietary supplements—continues to be one of our best strategies for cancer prevention in people.
References
Adenis, L., A. Demaille, and J. Driessens. 1968. Pouvoir cancerigene de l'urethane chez le rat Sprague. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 162:458-461.
Aguilar, F., C.C. Harris, T. Sun, M. Hollstein, and P. Cerutti. 1994.
Geographic variation of p53 mutational profile in non-malignant human liver. Science 264:1317-1319. Alink, G.M., M.G. Knize, N. H. Shen, S. P. Hesse, and J.S. Felton.
1988. | Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS See book keywords and concepts | Lamm and colleagues found that a multi-nutrient packet of vitamins A, E, C, B-6 and the mineral zinc cut cancer recurrence more than half in bladder cancer patients treated with BCG.14 A group of Finnish oncologists treated 18 non-randomized lung cancer patients with chemotherapy, radiation and a collection of nutrition factors. The anticipated outcome in this group of poor prognostic patients is 1% survival at 30 months after diagnosis. | Paul A. Offit, M.D.m Bonnie Fass-Offit, M.D. and Louis M. Bell, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | It is important to remember this when we discuss evidence that various herbs, plants, plant products, and vitamins "work" to treat the symptoms of viral infections. c Scientific Studies in Large Groups of People (Epidemiologic Studies)
Another kind of study is one that involves the way that large groups of people behave (epidemiologic studies). For example, certain substances—like garlic, onions, oregano, and peppers— have the ability to kill bacteria and fungi in a test tube. | Virtually all of the information on the use of various herbs, plants, plant products, vitamins, and chemicals has been generated by laboratory studies. For example, many studies showed that substances such as garlic, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E, and ginseng either enhanced certain immune responses or directly killed bacteria or fungi. Laboratory studies fall into two categories: in vitro studies and in vivo studies.
If an investigator wanted to see whether garlic treated certain bacterial infections, she could do a number of things. | This law allowed herbs, plant products, vitamins, and some chemicals to be sold as dietary supplements provided that health or therapeutic claims were not specified on the label. What constitutes a therapeutic claim is apparently unclear. For example, some preparations of Echinacea purpurea have labels that contain phrases like "immune support formula."
In a sense, the FDA has taken a step back from these "alternative" products. When you go to the pharmacist and ask for an antibiotic prescription to be filled, you can be guaranteed of two things. | John Boik See book keywords and concepts | Nutrient assays: These include assays for amino acids, minerals, antioxidants, vitamins, fatty acids, and organic acids. Wherever possible, a program of nutritional supplementation should be based upon assay results and should be monitored periodically to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.
• Immune function assays: These include natural killer cell function and population, macrophage function, and secretory IgA levels.
• Other assays to direct treatment: This book discusses numerous plasma factors which may affect the progression of cancer. | Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS See book keywords and concepts | Hans Nieper, MD is a European physician who uses conventional and unconventional drugs, vitamins, minerals (many of his own design), plant and animal extracts, a certain diet, and avoidance of "geopathogenic zones" which may incite disease.
-Otto Warburg, PhD was awarded two Nobel prizes and first discovered the link between low oxygen levels and cancer growth. Other scientists have proven that cancer becomes more resistant to therapy as the tumor mass becomes more acidic and anaerobic. | John Boik See book keywords and concepts | Other Agents that Stimulate the Immune System
Other natural agents that stimulate the immune system include bromelain, certain vitamins and minerals, and glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Bromelain stimulates the production of TNF-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures. In addition, it may lyse antigen-antibody complexes which can block immune action. These and other activities of bromelain are discussed in more detail in Section 15.3.3. | Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS See book keywords and concepts | While vitamins, in general, are much safer than drugs, it is important to discuss vitamin A toxicity, which is by far the most common cause of vitamin toxicity. Up to 1 million iu of vitamin A per day has been given for 5 years without side effects in European cancer clinics.15 One study found that women taking as little as 10,000 iu/day during pregnancy had a slightly elevated risk for having a child with birth defects (teratogenicity).1 Another study from the National Institutes of Health found no increase in birth defects in women taking 25,000 iu/day of vitamin A. | John Boik See book keywords and concepts | Studies on these vitamins are discussed separately below.
13.1.1 Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene
Data from animal uniformly support tfj cancer (reviewed by role is probably due normal differentiataibn 1993). Vitamin A ing apoptosis. Its main sion, differentiation in bones), and rejproduct 1991:153-6). High theoretically necessary cells, are toxic to and in-vitro experiments almost e role of vitamin A in preventing preasey, 1985:116). | Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts | Offers Oxy-5000 Forte which includes 5000 units of SOD, as well as other enzymes, minerals, amino acids and vitamins. $22.00 for 90 tablets.
Sulindac: Available as a prescription drug as Clinoril Tablets (Merck Sharp & Dohme) or as Sulindac Tablets from Lederle or Warner Chilcott. For polyps, doctors generally recommend a starting dosage of 150 milligram once a day for adult patients. When the polyps have disappeared, the dosage is usually reduced to a daily dose of 75 milligrams. Patients are usually re-evaluated for growths at six-month intervals.
Research on Sulindac:
William G. | Sheridan, in turn, has only warned patients not to take megadoses of vitamins C and E, while on his medication. Clinical results are generally seen in three to five weeks, they say, but sometimes take as long as three months.
Cancell "does not actually kill the cancer cell in the usual meaning of the word kill," Sheridan concludes. It is "effectively 'asking' the body to cure itself."
1 £arnivora
Carnivora is an extract of Dionea muscipula, the meat-eating Venus Fly Trap plant. It was introduced into cancer therapy by Helmut Keller, MD of Germany. | Various vitamins, such as A, E, B6, B12, liver and intravenous vitamin C are given, when appropriate.
• The autogenous vaccine is administered both subcuta-neously and orally.
• Antibiotics are administered with great attention paid to their effects on P. cryptocides.
• Since cancer patients are allegedly alkaline, measures are taken to acidify their blood and urine. The acidity of the uirne is routinely checked with Nitrazine paper, available in the pharmacy.
Dr. Livingston also claimed that a plant hormone, called abscisic acid, was "nature's most potent anticancer weapon. | Chemoprevention: the prevention of disease through the use of chemicals, drugs or food factors, such as vitamins.
Chemotherapy: the use of drugs, and especially of cytotoxic agents, in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Chlorophyll: a green pigment found in algae and most higher plants, which is responsible for capturing light in the process of photosynthesis.
Coenzyme: an organic molecule which serves as a cofactor in an enzymatic reaction by binding temporarily to that enzyme. | Turmeric contains carbohydrates, protein, fats, minerals (especially potassium) and vitamins (especially vitamin C). But the greatest interest has been in its yellow pigment curcumin, first isolated in 1842. Routinely used in paper production, scientists have recently discovered that curcumin is an effective topical agent and anti-inflammatory drug (2). It is considered highly protective against stomach ulcers, including those caused by alcohol (3). And, more to the point, it inhibits the growth and promotion of tumors. | James Braly M.D. and Ron Hoggan M.A. See book keywords and concepts | Regular monitoring of blood levels of vitamins and minerals is an important first step. During the first year, monthly or bimonthly monitoring offers a means of checking for deficiencies, as well as monitoring the impact of supplementation.
Magnesium Supplementation
Magnesium is essential for proper maintenance of the parathyroid gland. Not only is this gland a major regulating factor in your body's calcium metabolism, but endomysium antibodies have also been shown to cross-react with the tissues of this gland. | John Boik See book keywords and concepts | The effects of other vitamins and minerals on the immune system and neoplasia are discussed in more detail in Chapter 13.
The amino acid cysteine is a component of the tri-peptide glutathione, which is essential to the liver's detoxification mechanisms. Due to its antioxidant activity, is also involved in a number of immune activities.
Glutathione may be a rate limiting component in IL-2 and LAK immunotherapy. Glutathione-deficient lymphocytes exhibit subnormal activation in response to lectins. | H.J. Roberts, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | Other conditions not listed above:
What other medicines (not listed above) or vitamins were you taking as well as aspartame when your symptoms began?
(Circle and estimate daily amounts) Aspirin
Multiple vitamin Vitamin C Vitamin E
L-Dopa (for Parkinsonism) Aldomet (for hypertension)
Beta blockers (as Inderal®, Corgard®, Tenormin®, Lopressor®) for a heart or blood pressure problem Tranquilizers
Others_
Do you smoke cigarettes? (Circle) Yes No
If "yes," how many daily? | D. Lindsey Berkson See book keywords and concepts | Many spices and herbs, salt, sugar, and vitamins are included in this category. The third category of additives is "prior-sanctioned" substances—ingredients that had been approved by the fda or the U.S. Department of Agriculture before the ^58 amendment. So nitrites, for example, can be used in meats because they were sanctioned for that use before 1958, but they cannot be used on vegetables.
Substances that leach from food packaging are indirect additives. Since they can end up in food, the fda requires that they be evaluated. | Ralph Moss, PhD See book keywords and concepts | Scientists in Tubingen, Germany, have looked at the levels of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, etc., before, during, and after high-dose chemotherapy. The drug etoposide significantly increased free radical damage to fats. (223) Beta-carotene levels fell by 50 percent and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) levels by 20 percent. (73)
Many other studies could be cited to show that chemotherapy as well as radiation can cause malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies. (97) The symptoms may be masked by the other side effects of treatment or of the cancer itself. | In 1982, the National Academy of Sciences landmark study, Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, concluded, "Of the entire collection of chemically diverse substances classified as vitamins, those subsumed under the general term 'vitamin A are of the greatest current interest in terms of their possible association with the process of carcinogenesis [cancer formation]."
In the early 1980s, a well-known Oxford University researcher, Richard Peto, suggested that a diet high in carrots and similar vegetables could reduce the risk of cancer. | Prasad said, this showed that "the use of single vitamins in the treatment of human cancer has no biological rationale."
Vitamin C and Radiation
Does vitamin C interfere with radiation therapy? Dr. Prasad, a radiation researcher, showed that X rays alone killed 72 percent of the cancer cells, but when vitamin C was added, together they killed 98.2 percent. Similar results were seen in Belgium, where scientists noted an increase in the effectiveness of X rays, without any additional harm for the patients. | H.J. Roberts, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | They include vitamins, over-the-counter pain relievers, laxatives, and a host of other substances. For example, several of my patients who presented with unexplained severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and even bloody stools initially denied taking aspartame. Further questioning, however, revealed the use of a popular "sugar free effervescent natural fiber laxative" that contained aspartame (see above). Their complaints disappeared shortly after shifting to the non-aspartame form of this product. | To put it in children's vitamins is unforgivable!" "Congress must forbid it on the market!"
Scores of accompanying explanations pleaded for the capping of aspartame consumption pending further impartial and corporate-neutral testing of its safety.
• A legal secretary advised:
"Restrict it! There is too much on the shelves. It's an inconvenience for me to encounter aspartame in every diet food (almost every). I know it makes me ill, so I avoid it. However, it is in so many things and children ingest so much of it. | Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS See book keywords and concepts | Axelrod, AE, and Traketelis, AC, vitamins and Hormones, vol.22, p.591,1964
5. Dreizen, S„ et al., Postgraduate Medicine, vol.87, no.1, p.163, Jan.1990 e. Lowry, SF, et al., Surgical Forum, vol.28, p.143,1977
7. Nichol, CA, Cancer Research, vol.29, p.2422,1969
8. Norton, JA, et al., Cancer, vol.45, p.2934,1980
9. Dematrakopoulos, GE, and Brennan, MF, Cancer Research, (sup.),vol.42, p.756, Feb.1982
10. Goodgame, JT, et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.32, p.2277,1979
11. Dewys, WD, et al., American Journal of Medicine, vol.69, p.491, Oct.1980 1Z. Eys, JV, Cancer, vol.43, p. | H.J. Roberts, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | This consideration may be significant to health-conscious mothers who elect to give their infants health products containing aspartame rather than sugar (such as vitamins) in an effort to prevent tooth decay.
Most neurologists and pediatricians have been reluctant to consider the possibility of aspartame-associated seizures. | Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens See book keywords and concepts | This association may be due to one or more of several causes: the antioxidant or other biological effects of specific vitamins or polyphenols; the protective effect of fiber; the inhibition of those enzymes functioning in the enzymatic conversion of pro-carcinogenic chemicals to carcinogens; the enhanced synthesis of enzymes (often the conjugating enzymes) that combine with reactive metabolites to form inactive derivatives; the stimulation of enzymes participating in the repair of modified DNA; or other mechanisms yet to be discovered. | H.J. Roberts, M.D. See book keywords and concepts | For example, "health products" such as vitamins and laxatives may contain aspartame. One notable offender in this category is a popular "sugar-free, effervescent, natural-fiber laxative" sweetened with aspartame. Paradoxically, some patients using it for gastrointestinal problems—whether constipation or diarrhea—then developed more intense abdominal pain, nausea and even bloody stools. These complaints promptly subsided after shifting to the aspartame-free form. | Thomas Bartram See book keywords and concepts | Cod Liver oil for vitamins A and D: 2 teaspoons daily. Note. Where titanium alloy implants are used for this operation serum levels of the metal are likely to show up higher than normal. Raised serum titanium has been linked with lung cancer, osteoporosis, and platelet suppression. A New Zealand study has found deaths from cancer were significantly higher in patients having had a metal hip replacement. See: CHELATION. Comfrey. Potential benefit far outweighs possible risk.
HIPPOCRATES. Greek physician. 460-circa 377 BC. The first to lead medical thinking from superstition to science. |
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