Bill Sardi
See book keywords and concepts |  Steward July 2005
Agent
Agent type
Cancer prevention/treatment
Vitamin A + other retinoids vitamin skin, head + neck, & lung
Vitamin C vitamin colon & stomach
Vitamin D vitamin colon, breast, prostate, uterine
Vitamin E vitamin lung, head + neck, colon, & stomach
Folic Acid vitamin precancerous cells of the cervix
Selenium mineral all but skin cancer
Calcium mineral colon
Beta-Carotene phytochemical lung, head + neck, colon & stomach
D-limonene phytochemical breast ase report
Tom is 71 years old, diagnosed with mild chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts |  On the other hand, in the phytochemical analysis of plant species or phytopharmaceutical studies of plant material, the repeatable isolation of all biologically active flavonoid aglycones with a good yield is more important. In these cases, more drastic extraction conditions are acceptable. Excellent reviews have been published on isolation strategies for the determination of active phenols in plants tissue or food and foodstuff (Naczk and Shahidi, 2004; Robards, 2003). |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts |  Hazelhoff B, phytochemical, Pharmacological Aspects of Valeriana compounds. Dissertation, Universitat Groningen, 1984.
Hazelhoff B et al., Pharm Weekbl Sci Ed. 1:71. 1979.
Hendricks H, Bruins AB, J Chromatogr 190:321, 1980.
Hendricks R et al.. Phytochemistry 16:1853, 1977.
Hendriks H et al., Planta Med 42(1):62, 1981.
Hendriks H et al.. Central nervous depressant activity of valerenic acid in the mouse. In: Planta Med (3):28, 1985.
Hendriks H. Bos R, Woerdenbag HJ, Koster AS, Central Nervous Depressant Activity of Valerenic Acid in the Mouse. Planta Med 51:28-31, 1985. | | Comparative phytochemical Investigation of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia triloba. Planta Med. 61 (5); 453-455. 1995
Green Hellebore
Helleborus viridis description
Medicinal Parts: The drug derived from the plant's rhizome and roots is obsolete in medicine today.
Flower and Fruit: There are 2 to 3 flowers with a diameter of 4 to 7 cm and 5 ovate, grass-green, broad flower bracts. The petals are in the form of petaloid honey glands, and there are numerous stamens. The ovary is superior with the carpels only fused at the base. The fruit is a 25- to 28-mm long follicle with beak. | | Modern research techniques would include detailed phytochemical profiling using mass spectrometry, biological assays including gene expression analysis, and transgenic animal models of chronic disease. Also needed are toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies in animals and humans. In fact, the entire armamentarium of modern medical research can be brought to bear on these ancient herbal medicines to advance their use in modern times. | | Colombo ML, Tome F, Servettaz O, Bugatti C. phytochemical evaluation of Helleborus Species Growing in Northern Italy. Int J Crude Drug Res. 28 (3); 219-223. 1990
Hansel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G (Ed.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl., Bde 4-6 (Drogen), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992-1994.
Johnson CT, Routledge JK, Suspected helleborus viridis poisoning of cattle. |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
See book keywords and concepts |  This will be followed by a more extensive section on the phytochemical composition of adaptogens.
For additional information on the use of adaptogens within the various medical systems (Chinese, Ayurvedic, Western) and their energetics, see the individual monographs in part 2. For additional information on the classification of adaptogens according to health benefits and body systems, see chapter 6.
How and Where Adaptogens Grow
Adaptogens have adapted to their growing environments, including high altitude cold weather, and other stressful conditions. |
Marshall Editions
See book keywords and concepts |  Vij Garlic: Fresh cloves of garlic are most effective in treating yeast infections,
^-v f—r However, a garlic tincture, oil, or capsule with at least 10 mg of the \l \f phytochemical allicin can also be used. Crush the clove to activate the i V allicin, rub it on the affected areas on the mouth, and then swallow. Avoid using garlic in large amounts or when taking blood-thinning medications.
Thyme: This is a potent antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory herb that also has antioxidant properties. |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
See book keywords and concepts | | Phytochemical studies have revealed that the leaves of plants in the Panax genus actually contain more of the ginsenosides (the plants' active constituents) than do the roots. Many ancient traditions, when examined by science, are found to have more than a seed of truth.
Dosage and Safety
Tincture (1:5): 30 percent alcohol, 3-5 ml (60-100 drops), three times per day.
Decoction: Take 1-2 tsp. dried cut/sifted root to 12 oz. water. Gently simmer for 1h hour, steep an additional V2 hour. Take 4 oz. three times per day.
Capsule: Two 500 mg capsules, twice per day. Safety Issues: None likely. | | However, herbalists would suggest that simply using various amounts of an easy-to-test-for phytochemical isn't the answer either. A synthesis of traditional herbal knowledge and modern research will benefit the herbal manufacturer, the consumer, and the practitioner.
Monographs on Adaptogens
In addition to the standard information provided in each of the monographs in the materia medica, for each adaptogen, a section is included on the geographic origin and the cultivation of the herb. |
Paula Begoun and Bryan Barron
See book keywords and concepts |  Bearberry extract's potential efficacy is derived from its active components of hydroquinone and arbutin (Sources: phytochemical Analysis, September-October 2001, pages 336-339; and http://supplementwatch. com/suplib/supplement.asp?DocId=1306). However, if pigment discolorations are a concern, choosing a product with l%-2% hydroquinone is a more reliable solution. For the money, there is no compelling reason to champion this product.
© Moisture Intense Masque ($20.65 for 3. |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
See book keywords and concepts | | The first is true standardization, in which a definite phytochemical or group of constituents is known to have activity. Ginkgo, which consists of 26 percent ginkgo flavones and 6 percent terpenes, is a good example of real standardization. Other products that meet these parameters are milk thistle, cur-cumin (made from turmeric), and saw palmetto (which consists of 85 to 95 percent fatty sterols). These products are highly concentrated and they no longer represent the whole herb, so they are now considered to be phytopharmaceuticals. |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts | | The potential of LC-NMR in phytochemical analysis, Phytochem Anal 12: 2-22.
Wolfender, J. L., Ndjoko, K. and Hostettmann, K., 2003, Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance-mass spectrometric detection and with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a powerful combination for the on-line structural investigation of plant metabolites, J Chromatogr A 1000: 437-455.
Wolfender, J. L., Rodriguez, S., Hostettmann, K. and Hiller, W. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Hazelhoff B, (1984) phytochemical, Pharmacological Aspects of Valeriana compounds. Dissertation, Universitat Groningen.
Hazelhoff B et al, (1979) Pharm Weekbl Sci Ed. 1:71.
Hendricks H, Bruins AB, (1980) J Chromatogr 190:321.
Hendriks H et al., (1981) Planta Med 42(1):62.
Hendriks H et al., (1985) Planta Med (3):28.
Hendriks H, Bos R, Woerdenbag HJ, Koster AS, (1985) Central Nervous Depressant Activity of Valerenic Acid in the Mouse. Planta Med 51:28-31. | | Some phytochemical characteristics of essential oil ot Artemisia absinthium L. In: Herba hung 21(3):197-215. 1982.
Maries RJ, Kaminski J, Arnason JT, Pazos-Sanou L, Heptinstall S, Fischer NH, Crompton CW, Kindack DG, A bioassay for inhibition of serotonin release from bovine platelets. In: JNP 55:1044-1056. 1992.
Rucker G, Manns D, Wilbert S, Peroxides as constituents of plants. 10. Homoditerpene peroxides from Artemisia-absinthium. In: PH:31(1):340. 1992.
Schneider Von G, Mielke B, (1979) Deutsch Apoth Ztg 119 (25):977.
Stahl E, Gerard D, (1983) Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 176 (1):1. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
See book keywords and concepts | | Biological and phytochemical evaluation of plants. VIII (8). isolation of a new alkaloid from Sanguinaria canadensis. Lloydia; 33(2):267-269. 1970
Ulrichova J, Walterova D, Preininger V et al. Inhibition of acteylcholinesterase activity by some isoquinolone alkaloids. Planta Ate/; 48(2):111-115. 1983a
Ulrichova J, Walterova D, Preininger V et al. Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity by some isoquinioline alkaloids. Planta Med; 48(3):174-177. 1983
Walterova D, Ulrichova J, Preininger V et al. Inhibition of liver alanine aminotransferase activity by some benzophenanthridine alkaloids. |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts | | Hauser Memorial Library, Reed College (B); and with permission from the phytochemical Society (D). Additional photographs were provided by Dr. Eric Conn (C), Dr. Geza Hrazdina and Dr. George Wagner (E) and Dr. Klaus Hahlbrock (F).
However, it was not until the 1950s that the availability of radioisotope tracer molecules fueled major new progress toward elucidating the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway (reviewed in Stafford, 1990). These studies also generated the first evidence for channeling of intermediates in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (reviewed in Stafford, 1981; Hrazdina and Jensen, 1992). |
David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes
See book keywords and concepts | | Phytochemical explanations for the observed actions of adaptogens are not clearly understood, and studies are not conclusive as to which compounds within each herb are responsible for its adaptogenic activity. Some studies have shown that components thought to represent the main active ingredient of an adaptogen actually consist of an unrelated mixture of various and often common plant constituents. There is ongoing research in this area. |
Andreas Moritz
See book keywords and concepts |  Some of nature's most valuable and essential anti-cancer and disease-preventive phytochemical nutrients, which are commonly found in natural foods, have been discovered to form deadly cancer-causing substances when consumed or combined with chlorinated tap water. This has recently been confirmed by a joint study undertaken in Japan by research scientists at the National Institute of Health Sciences and Shizuoka Prefectural University. These deadly compounds have been named MX, which stands for "unknown mutagen. |
Stephanie Beling
See book keywords and concepts |  In fact, grape skins and seeds are chock-full of phytochemical richness, so if you can manage to chew them, you should.
Kumquats
This Chinese word means gold orange. The kumquat is the smallest of the citrus fruits, as decorative as it is delicious and as nutritious as it is decorative. Its intense orange color indicates an intense presence of carotenoids. Kumquats offer flavonoids and phenols as well.
The great thing about the kumquat is that, unlike other citrus fruits, you eat the whole thing—the thin, sweet rind as well as the golden orange, pungent flesh. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
See book keywords and concepts |  Though it may be tempting to buy the jumbo economy-size container of cinnamon, the optimal strategy is to buy small amounts to preserve freshness, taste, and phytochemical content.
PREPARATION AND SERVING SUGGESTIONS:
• Cinnamon sticks can be ground by using a coffee grinder or a cheese grater.
• Use cinnamon in desserts such as rice pudding, pies, and cakes.
• Use the spice to flavor meats. Cinnamon, along with cumin, turmeric, and ginger are a classic combination for flavoring Middle Eastern and North African meat and poultry dishes. | | It contains the cholesterol-lowering, cancer-fighting phytochemical squalene.
Home Remedies
Flowers from the amaranth plant are used to treat toothaches and fevers in Peru. A popular rum drink in Ecuador called "aguardiente" is made out of amaranth flowers and is thought to help "cleanse the blood" and regulate a woman's monthly cycle.
Throw Me a Lifesaver!
CANCER: Squalene is an antioxidant found naturally in amaranth that may halt blood supply to tumors. | | Store oil away from light and heat to maintain phytochemical content.
PREPARATION AND SERVING SUGGESTIONS:
• Use olive oil for lower-temperature cooking. The particles found in extra-virgin olive oil cause it to burn and smoke at higher temperatures. Once the oil burns, many of the health benefits go POOF—up in smoke!
• Use to flavor sauces and gravies or as a dressing on salads and vegetables. Olive oil infused with fresh herbs also makes a delicious dip for hot, crusty Italian bread! Mangia, Mangia! | | Fresh purple asparagus has a fruity flavor and is high in the phytochemical anthocyanin.
Home Remedies
The Greeks and Romans valued asparagus for medicinal uses like treating bee stings, heart ailments, dropsy, and toothaches. The fresh juice, taken in small doses, is said to act medicinally as a diuretic and laxative. Asparagus roots are used by Chinese herbalists to treat many ailments, such as arthritis and infertility. Madame de Pompadour used asparagus mixed with egg yolks, vanilla, and truffles as an aphrodisiac. | | Asparagine, a phytochemical in asparagus, gives it a diuretic effect.
DIABETES: A 2006 study reported in the British Journal of Medicine pointed to promising news for diabetes care. Research showed that an extract of asparagus significantly increased the action of insulin by producing an eighty-one percent increase in glucose uptake in fat cells.
HEART HEALTH: When folate levels are low, blood levels of homocysteine can rise. A rise in homocysteine can significantly increase the risk for heart disease by promoting atherosclerosis. | | Currants are rich in the phytochemical ellagic acid, a phenolic compound that may reduce some cancers and cholesterol, and anthocyanins, which have shown antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Home Remedies
BLACK CURRANTS: Boiled black currant juice has been used for sore throats. The leaves have been used to reduce fevers and increase urination. Extract from the bark of the black currant tree has been used for hemorrhoids. Black currant jelly mixed with hot water has been helpful for colds. |
Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
See article keywords and concepts |  Unlike the traditional nutrients (protein, fat, vitamins, minerals), phytonutrients are not "essential" for life, so some people prefer the term "phytochemical".
2. What are the Major Classes of Phytonutrients? |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts | | The general information about the ionization methods and types of analyzers in MS used in phytochemical analysis is presented in Table 2.1.
Analysis of natural products is possible with different types of MS available on the market. The instruments are equipped with various sample introduction systems and ionization methods, as well as diverse physical phenomena are used for separation of the created ions in MS analyzers. Positive and negative ions are analyzed in MS; the choice of the ionization mode (negative or positive) is sometimes a very important feature. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and kale. I3C is converted in the stomach to a variety of compounds including diindolylmethane (DIM). It has been suggested that I3C can act in several ways to prevent abnormal cell growth and prevent tumor progression. Recent studies indicate that I3C has the ability to prevent and maybe even treat some common cancers, especially those that are estrogen related,71 by altering the pathway of estrogen metabolism. |
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